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3.Adirectquotationformallyintroduerallyprecededbya:"Thegreatoratormadethisfunnyremark:"
4.Theisoftehetitleofbookswhenthesedaryorsubtitleisinappositiontotheleadingoheitted:"Acoustics:theSd."
5.Itisusedafterthesalutationinthebeginers:"Sir:MydearSir:Gentlemen:DearMr.Jo;etthisadashveryoftenfollowsthe.
6.Itissometimesusedtoiailsofagroupofthingsalreadyreferredtointhemass:"Theboy'sexcusesflatewere:firstly，hedidnotkime，sedly，hewassehirdly，hetrippedonarodfellbythewayside."
ThePeriodisthesimplestpunark.Itissimplyusedtomarktheendofapleteseiserrogativeory.
1.Aftereverysentenveyingaeaning:"Birdsfly.""Plantsgrow.""Manismortal."
2.Iions:aftereveryabbreviatedword:Rt.Rev.T.der，D.D.，L.L.D.
3.Aperiodisusedolepagesofbooksafterthehebook，aftertheauthor'shepublisher'simprirails.ByTheodoreRoosevelt.NewYork.Spany.
TheMarkatioestaquestion.
&ionadmittingofanaised，shouldbefollowedbythemarkation:"Whohasnotheardof;
2.Wheionshaveaoheyshouldbefollowedbyonemarkatioheseries:"Whereheplaythingsandfriendsofmyboyhood?thelaughingboys?thewihefondneighborswhomIloved?"
3.Themarkisofteheticallytosuggestdoubt:"In1893（?）GladstoedtoHomeRuleforIreland."
&ionpointshouldbespariiprose.Itschiefuseistodeionofsomekind.
1.Itisgenerallyemployedwithiionsorclausesusedasiions:"Alas!Iamforsaken.""Whatalovelyla;
2.Expressiemotioncallfortheex:&que，Chester，，Stanley，on!"
&heemotidoubleexpointsmaybeused:"Assisthim!!IwouldratherassistSatan!!"
TheDashisgenerallyedtocaseswherethereisasuddehegeneralrunofthepassage.Ofallthepunarksitisthemostmisused.
1.Itisemployedtodenotesuddehestruent:"TheHeroesoftheCivilecherishthe""Hewasafinefellow—inhisownopinion."
2.Whenawordorexpressioedfororatoricaleffect，adashisusedtoiherepetition:"Shakespearewasthegreatestofallpoets—Shakespeare，theiualoashedthetsofallthought."
3.TheDashisusedtoindiwithit:"Heisamanbut—"
4.Itisusedtoiisedorwhatisuralouteofwhathasgo;Hedelveddeepintothebowelsoftheearthandfouhehiddeon."
5.Itisusedtodeheomissioersures:"J—nJ—sforJohnJones?1908-9for1908and1909?MatthewVII:5-8forMatthewVII:5，6，7，and8.
6.sisofthewords，is，towit，etc.，takesplace，thedashisusedtosupplythem:"Heexthreebrahmetic，algebra，a;
7.Adashisusedtodeheomissionofpartofawordwhenitisuethefullword:Heissomewhatofar——l（rascal）.Thisisespeciallytheprofanewords.
&weenaayfenerallyadash:"Alltheworld'sastage."—Shakespeare.
&ionsandahesameparagraphtheyshouldbeseparatedbydashes:&quoodboy?Yes，Sir.—Doyoulovestudy?Ido."
MarksofParenthesisareusedtoseparateexpressiohebodyofasentence，whichareillustrativeofthemeaning，buthaveialwiththesentendcouldbedo.Theyshouldbeusedaslittleaspossiblefortheyshowthatsomethingisbeingbroughtihatdoesoit.
&heunityofasentenceisbrokenthewordsgthebreakshouldbeenpare;Weotbelievealiar（andJonesisone），evehetruth."
2.Isofspeechesmarksofparenthesisareusedtodeionsofapprovalordisapprovalbytheaudiehemassesmustnotsubmittothetyrannyoftheclasses（hear，hear），wemustshnates（groans），thattheyh-shodoverhts（cheers）?""IfthegentlemanfromOhio（Mr.Brown），wilnotbeourspokesmaseleother.（Avoice，—GetRobinson）."
arenthesisisihesentenoaisrequired，nopointshouldbeusedbeforeeitherparenthesis.Wheaplacerequiringaa，ifthepareterrelatestothewholesentenashouldbeusedbeforeeathesis?ifitrelatestoasingleword，orshortostopshouldebeforeit，butaashouldbeputafterthegparenthesis.
&ionmarksareusedtoshowthatthewordsehemareborrowed.
1.Adirectquotationshouldbeehiionmarks:AbrahamLinsaid，—"Ishallmakethislandtoohotforthefeetofslaves."
&ationisembraaheedquotationhasonlysinglemarks:Franklinsaid，"Mostmeobelieve'hohebestpolicy.'"
&ationsistsraphsthequotationmarksshouldprecedeeachparagraph.
4.Titlesofbooks，pidneerswhenfiveed.
5.Oftenthenamesofshipsarequotedthoughthereisnooforit.
&ropheshouldeuhearatherthahequotationmarksordoublea.ThewreekandsigurningawayfroTheletterelidedorturnedawayisgenerallyaryandfamiliardialoguetheapostrophemarkstheelisionofasyllable，as"I'veforIhave"?"Thou'rtforthouart"?"you'llforyouwill，"etesitisoabbreviateawordbyleaviters.Insuchcasetheapostrophetakestheplaittedlettersas"t'dforued."Theapostropheisusedtodeheelisiouryindates，wheretheturyisuoodortosavetherepetitionofaseriesoffigures，as"TheSpiritof'76"?"Iservedinthearmyduringtheyears1895，'96，'97，'98and'99."Thepriheapostropheistodehepossessivecase.Allnounsinthesingularherproper，andallnounsinthepluralendingwithaerthans，formthepossessivebytheadditioropheaheoothisruleare，that，bypoetisetheadditionalsmaybeelidediryforsakeofthemetre，auralphrases&quoodness'sake.""Force'sake，""ForJesus'sake，"ethasdohthesandthesephrasesarenowidiomsofthelanguage.Allpluralnounsendinginsformthepossessivebytheadditioropheonlyasboys'，horses'.Thepossessivecaseofthepersonalproheapostrophe，asours，yours，hers，theirs.
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